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Interaction of Spectrum Auctions and Mobile Market Competition: Review of Theory and Evidence from European 4G Auctions

Daniel Ershov, David Salant. 2026. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 106, Article 103287.

Abstract

This paper examines how ex ante market structure affects spectrum auctions and subsequent mobile market outcomes. We review the relevant theory and present evidence from European 4G auctions showing that low-band auctions are followed by higher concentration and prices in markets where incumbent operators had higher pre-auction shares, without corresponding improvements in coverage or investment.

Main Finding

Low-band auctions are followed by higher concentration and prices in markets where incumbent operators had higher pre-auction shares, without corresponding improvements in coverage or investment.

Policy Relevance

Spectrum auction design should account for how pre-auction asymmetries affect downstream competition, not only auction revenue or licence allocation.

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